Eurasian Journal of Biosciences

Abstract

ObamaCare was enacted to control the cost of health care in the United States, with its main aim being to bring the costs incurred by patients down. However, one ethical concern that has emerged over time and needs to be addressed by healthcare administrators is that doctors face the prospect of enhanced incentives for undertreatment rather than overtreatment. It must be noted that ObamaCare offers bundled payment model in place of fee for service models (O'Connor et al, 2013). This means that the hospitals and physicians receive fixed sums for the treatment of a patient’s condition irrespective of the costs incurred by the providers. Essentially, this shows that if the hospitals or doctors treat a patient for less than the preferred bundle, they will retain the excess amount. On the other hand, if their costs are more than the bundled payment, they are compelled to absorb the loss. The ethical concern created under this is that the bundled payments remove the incentives to overtreat the patient while also creating unwarranted incentives to undertreat.

Keywords: ObamaCare, Population Implications etc.

Abstract

The fact that there are more volumes of people applying for the insurance cover, means more cash to take care of the facilities and services that will be at use or at least this is the way the officers in charge of health insurance thought it would be when they were for the idea. Research has shown that the facilities have not been sufficient for the ever-increasing volumes of those applying for the PPACA. The numbers of healthcare practitioners are not enough to handle the number of people. This has placed the redistribution policy’s weight on other sides more than others. The Constitution states that it is the government’s role to fund the states with money to expand Medicaid to help cover the ever-increasing number of the insured population. This means that the government takes the money that has been collected and redistributes it to the various states to finance specific projects that will ensure the population receives the healthcare they need and in return more money is collected from the increase in the increased number of those that come to seek healthcare. According to the constitution, it is also the role of the government to collect the taxes from the wealthy, healthcare industries and private healthcare centers. The money collected is used to finance the Obama care program so that all the healthcare facilities that offer the Obama Care services are well equipped with equipment and skilled medical practitioners.

Keywords: PPACA, Private Health Insurance etc.

Abstract

Illness, injury, or death disrupt or compromise the quality of the human capital. In turn, even in the wake of companies’ implementation of OHS practices, certain indirect costs are incurred and tend to outweigh direct costs (and decreasing the profitability), yet most of the estimation models proposed and implemented previously emphasize direct costs. The eventuality is that there tends to be a decrease in firm profitability while implementing OHS practices due to two main forces. These forces include the existence of indirect costs and the expenditure on occupational health and safety (OHS) that tends to exceed the amount received from workplace safety and insurance boards. Other costs that are seen to decrease the overall profitability of companies are seen to come in the form of equipment expenses, time off for employees (to participate in OHS reviews and appointments), and medical staff hiring and service costs.

Keywords: Impact, Mining Activities, Workers’ Health etc.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to establish technologies utilized in contemporary delivery of undergraduate health professional education. The objective is to evaluate the impact of networked web-based e-learning and non-networked computer-based e-learning on students’ satisfaction, attitudes, skills, and knowledge, striving to unearth some of the beneficial effects and possible demerits accruing from e-learning adaptation. Regarding methods and data collection, the search strategy combined keywords and search subject headings to capture intervention and participant elements, gaining insights from major educational, psychological, and medical bibliographic databases such as ERIC, Web of Science, CENTRAL, PsychINFO, EMBASE, and Medline. From the findings, student exposure to computer-based learning fostered satisfaction with the intervention when compared to learners exposed to traditional learning methods.

Keywords: Healthcare Education, e-learning etc.

Abstract

In this study, one of the predictors of ethical conformity concerns participant anonymity. Rather than use personal information such as the names of the participants, the researchers adopted a random coding or numbering procedure. This step would not only assure anonymity but also improve the voluntariness of individuals and selected communities to participate. Another attribute concerns consent provision. In situations where children were involved, groups such as parents, guardians and other relevant authorities were requested to provide permission. By seeking permission, the studies were ethical. Furthermore, the authors acknowledged the contributions of some of the previous researchers and the outcomes presented. This acknowledgement adds to ethical conformity in such a way that the aspect of intellectual property rights was observed to the latter. It is further affirmable that the studies were ethical because data from both primary outcomes and secondary sources was treated in its original form. The implication is that the authors did not manipulate the information, treating it in its original form without intervention. An arising merit of these ethical conformities is that the results are highly reliable and could be used to inform practice regarding issues such as nature versus nurture, infant reactivity, and behavioral inhibition as predictors of personality traits and adult development.

Keywords: Behavioral Inhibition, Recovery, Temperament etc.

Abstract

This study sought to determine how interventions by medical practitioners affect the quality of patient safety and drug therapy, with particular emphasis on elderly patients with drug-related hospitalization. From the previous literature, some of the adverse events that had been documented to cause drug-related mortality and morbidity among elderly patients include inappropriate prescribing, suboptimal dosages, and medication errors. Therefore, this study employed a randomized controlled trial to find out the degree to which clinical pharmacists’ interventions could prove informative relative to the reduction of morbidity. The target population constituted elderly patients aged 80 and above. From the findings, this study established that fewer hospital visits were reported in the intervention group. It is also notable that the study established a general positive attitude to the new collaboration (among nurses, general practitioners, and hospital-based physicians). In future, there is a need to investigate how demographic characteristics on the parts of clinical pharmacists and patients might affect the outcomes of the pharmacists’ service incorporation into the rest of the healthcare teams.

Keywords: Physician Knowledge, Patient Admissions etc.

Abstract

Drug addiction is increasing, but whether or not it is a disease or a choice remains debatable. For proponents of addiction as a disease, drug addiction is long-lasting and can be likened to a chronic disease that is unlikely to be cured. Addiction is also a relapsing and progressive condition, which justifies the assertion that it is a disease. However, those in favor of the assertion that drug addiction is a choice contend that the behavior arises from issues such as peer pressure or bad company, risky sexual behavior, and financial problems or poverty. However, this stance is worth criticizing because homelessness could result from a natural disaster; which also holds for the case of poverty that arises from socio-economic and cultural disadvantages associated with historical injustices (that cause stress, hence drug addiction). Given that the latter examples suggest social stress accruing from external causes, the extent to which the assertion that drug addiction is a choice (and not a disease) remains debatable. Similarly, the assertion that drug addiction is a disease is debatable because some individuals could resort to the use of (and become addicted to) drugs due to a cause such as peer pressure, which makes it questionable on whether or not the behavior qualifies to be a disease. Overall, whether drug addiction is a disease or a choice should be explained from the perspective of the causes.

Keywords: Medical Implications, Addictive Behavior, Adolescents etc.

Abstract

Reality therapy seeks to help individuals experiencing unmet. The main objective is to enable the individuals to create meaningful connections with other individuals, solve problems, and set goals. This technique acknowledges the criticality of five basic human needs that allow for life satisfaction and healthy functioning. These needs include power (self-esteem, self-confidence, and a sense of accomplishment), love and belonging (through community, friends, and family), survival (shelter, water, and food), fun (enjoyment, pleasure and satisfaction), and freedom (in terms of autonomy, sufficient personal space, and independence). Based on these scholarly observations, it can be inferred that reality therapy seeks to help clients in identifying any or all the unmet needs and guiding them through setting goals and making plans that seek to fulfill the perceived needs. This paper examines reality therapy in relation to its origin, the key concepts, and principles with which the framework is associated, and the evaluation of evidence base in relation to scholar or research evidence that supports the theory.

Keywords: Medical Implications, Reality, Therapy, Improvement etc.

Abstract

Olive is admitted due to conflict with parents, substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. She is a 15-year-old girl and is predisposed to the problems above. Notably, the girl’ biological father was physically violent while both biological parents were alcoholics. The father’s physical violence was especially pronounced towards Olive’s biological mother. At the age of nine, Olive’s parental rights were terminated. Due to this major life event, Olive and her siblings (two brothers and a sister) resorted to a parentless children’s home. Afterward, neither her mother nor her father contacted them to check on their well-being. A few years later, Olive’s biological mother died. By the time the mother died, Olive’s brothers had been adopted, just after seeking refuge in the home for the parentless. Imperative to note is that Olive and her sister were also adopted in the following year but by a different family from that which adopted their brothers. The resultant scenario was a case of two adopted sisters with a different family; two adopted brothers with a different family, a departed mother, and an absentee father. Olive’s father and mother were of the Caucasian origin but the parents who adopted her brothers, as well as those who adopted Olive and her sister, were Hispanic. Both families are also Christian.

Keywords: Substance, Anxiety, Depression, Alcoholics etc.

Abstract

The role of the marriage and family therapist is to work with individuals, couples, and families towards client treatment. In particular, the therapist’s understanding of the manner in which members of the family shape the mental health of one another requires that the marriage and family therapists in Oregon evaluate the families’ development and roles (American Counseling Association, 2014). To be considered for licensure, it is expected that marriage and family therapists have doctoral degrees or master’s degrees in this field. Therefore, the therapists ought to undergo a four-year undergraduate work to earn a Bachelor’s degree in counseling. This step is followed by a graduate work that leads to a master’s degree; culminating in doctoral (or PhD) work that enables one to earn a doctorate in counseling. Regarding the examination and experience for licensure as a family and marriage therapist in Oregon, it is expected that one chooses the intern method or the direct method. Regarding the direct method, individuals are expected to have an experience stretching to 2000 hours while the intern method, although demanding similar hours as the direct method, requires that at least 1000 hours are dedicated to the provision of therapy to couples and families (Anthony & Goss, 2009). Apart from gaining the field experience, licensure requires that individuals in Oregon sit for an examination. The exam that this state administers comes in the form of a computer-based test and is derived from the Professional Examination Service.

Keywords: Medical Licensure, MFT etc.

Abstract

In the case presented, Davis experiences high-value international normalized ratio (INR), positive bruising on legs and arms, nose bleeding tendencies, atrial fibrillation, and high blood pressure. Additional evidence suggests drug interactions that include digoxin with pseudoephedrine, warfarin and cimetidine. Therefore, the first action would be to control high blood pressure and proceed to reduce high-level INR. Similarly, there is a need to replace cimetidine with alternative medication. Indeed, the replacement aids in relieving a patient’s heartburn. Another mechanism would be to aide Davis with the complaints regarding the cough and a runny noise.

Keywords: Drug Implications, Hypertension etc.

Abstract

The patient is male and aged 57. Presentations include relief when sitting upright and difficulty in breathing when lying by the back. Additional presentations include occasional epigastric pain, frequent dyspepsia with nausea, fatigue, and, upon exertion, gradual onset of dyspnea. The patient’s presentations entail: R: 20, T: 98, P: 88, and BP: 180/110.

Keywords: Angina, Domino and Baldor etc.

Abstract

Occurring as a congenital heart defect, Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) has been documented to be present at birth. Some of the symptoms of this defect include bluish color occurring on the skin, difficulty in breathing, loss of consciousness (occasionally), and limpness. Additional symptoms include easy tiring upon breastfeeding, finger clubbing, and heart murmur. Whereas the cause of this condition remains unknown, risk factors have been documented. The factors include mothers who use alcohol, diabetic mothers, mothers aged 40 and above, and those who are diagnosed with rubella during pregnancy. Behavioral problems have also been found to be profound in situations where children have undergone complex surgery or had repeat surgeries. Increased anxiety and feelings of inferiority forms outcomes associated with ToF and in educational contexts, these groups have been linked to aggressive behavior, delinquent behavior, attention problems, and social problems. Overall, ToF can be inferred to yield greater behavioral disturbance in children.

Keywords: Tetralogy, Fallot and Implications, Bio-Medical etc.

Abstract

Also perceived to be a painless procedure, chest X-ray creates pictures that depict the chest’s structure while seeking to understand the functioning of lungs and the heart. The test aids in understanding whether the lungs have extra fluid or extra blood flow or whether the heart is enlarged; an outcome that could depict heart failure. If the right ventricle is enlarged, chest X-rays reveal boot-shaped hearts. Regarding the approach of pulse oximetry, small; sensors are attached to the toes or fingers (like adhesive bandages) to provide estimated outcomes regarding the amount of oxygen present in the blood. In this procedure, flexible and thin tubes (referred to as catheters) are placed into veins of the arm, neck, or groin (upper thigh) and threaded top the heart. A special dye is then injected into one of the heart chambers or a blood vessel to allow doctors assess the flow of blood through blood vessels and the heart on X-ray images. Cardiac catheterization is also used by doctors to measure oxygen and pressure levels inside the blood vessels and heart chambers to determine the possibility of blood mixing between two sides of the heart (Al Habib et al., 2010). Notably, the injection of dye into a blood vessel or the heart chambers aids in making the heart structures of the baby visible on X-ray pictures.

Keywords: Chest X-Ray, Cardiac, Catheterization, Pulse Oximetry etc.

Abstract

The year 2010 saw the release of the Future of Nursing Report by IOM, a report that encouraged nurse practitioners to exploit their full potential in relation to their training and education. In the report, the fifth recommendation entailed the plan and vision to double the number of nurses with doctorate degrees by 2020. It was also clarified that all FNP nurses ought to obtain research in future. Therefore, a personal pursuance of a research program and the selected project are projected to not only improve knowledge and skills from theoretical and practical perspectives but also aid in improving healthcare outcomes among populations in the context of America. In so doing, aspects such as patient satisfaction will aid in saving America’s budget extended to the national, state, and local-level health care providers ─ due to the presence of a healthy population. Furthermore, the adoption and implementation of the project seeking to prevent myocardial infarction is projected to improve the American economy in future due to the resultant avoidance of health-related adversities such as absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace. It is also predicted that the successful completion of a research program and the selected project will enable me to incorporate evidence-based practice into care provision processes while seeking to assure targeted health care. Indeed, the project regarding myocardial infarction was implemented by enhancing educational campaigns at the community levels (such as the underserved areas) while striving towards equity in resource provision and access to care in relation to some of the strategies that could aid in preventing myocardial infarction.

Keywords: Myocardial, Infarction etc.